Disputes are inevitable in construction projects. There are different causes for these disputes which require more time, cost, and effort of project teams to find resolutions. Therefore, disputes impact negatively on project performance which can result in unsuccessful project completion. Poor communication between the teams is one of the causes of disputes. Therefore, by identifying the factors that affect communication effectiveness, project leaders can manage project communication effectively with well-defined information distribution methods. The purpose of this study was to emphasize the importance of effective communication to minimize disputes in construction projects. The objective was to identify the factors that improve the project team’s communication. Existing publications from 2019 to 2022 were studied as secondary resources for this study. This study revealed five factors that affect effective communication between the teams for a construction project together with research gaps and future research areas.

Large-scale infrastructure projects contribute to economic development, connectivity, energy security, and social welfare. However, they can also generate substantial environmental and social impacts. This study examines how environmental and social sustainability are incorporated into large-scale infrastructure decision-making through a multiple-case study analysis of three major projects: the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Rail in Indonesia, the Belo Monte Dam in Brazil, and the Adani Carmichael Mine in Australia. The cases represent different infrastructure contexts and reveal recurring tensions between economic development objectives, environmental protection, community interests, and long-term sustainability. Through cross-case analysis, the study identifies common challenges including the prioritisation of economic and strategic objectives, limitations in stakeholder participation, ecological impacts, and inadequate consideration of long-term social and environmental consequences. The findings indicate that regulatory compliance and conventional project appraisal do not necessarily ensure sustainable or socially legitimate infrastructure outcomes. The study therefore highlights the need to embed environmental and social considerations throughout infrastructure planning, assessment, approval, and governance. It proposes strengthened stakeholder participation, sustainability and ethical assessments, adaptive decision-making, climate-impact accounting, and biodiversity and social safeguards as key governance measures. The study concludes that sustainable infrastructure requires decision-making approaches that move beyond project delivery and procedural compliance towards integrated environmental and social sustainability.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on research design, philosophy, and quantitative approaches in scientific research methodology. It explores the theoretical foundations that influence researchers’ choices when developing a research strategy, with particular emphasis on the alignment between research philosophy and methodological choices. By examining key philosophical paradigms such as positivism, interpretivism, and pragmatism, the paper highlights how these frameworks shape the selection of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research approaches. The Research Onion Model is utilized to demonstrate the sequential layers of research design, from philosophical stance to data collection strategy. Through a review of current research, this paper provides insights into the importance of selecting the appropriate methodology based on the research objectives, questions, and underlying theoretical perspectives. The findings suggest that understanding the interplay between philosophy and methodology is crucial for ensuring a coherent and effective research design. By synthesizing existing theoretical perspectives, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the methodological choices available for scientific research.