The Global Research Network for Verified Scholars

The objectification of women is a communal problem in every developed and underdeveloped society of the world. Women make a major population of the world, and serve the society in multidimensional modes, but still they are considered feeble to men. The subject of women objectification has remained focus of various researchers globally. This research focused three short stories drawn from “In Other Rooms, Other Wonders” of Daniyal Mueenuddin to bring forward disparities and inequalities prevailing in patriarchal society of Pakistan. Additionally, it investigated the impact of these inequalities and injustices on downtrodden women of Pakistan. The objectification of women is such a discrimination that women are subjected to undergo in a patriarchal social set up. This study analyzes the objectification of women through the lenses of female characters selected from three short stories. This study uses theoretical frameworks of Martha Nussbaum and Rae Langton’s to draw outcomes for this study. Study findings exhibit that female characters undergo objectification and are treated as things by male in a male dominated strata of Pakistan.

English has a paramount role in this digital world of internet and mobile technology. Digital technology has facilitated language learning. This study focused on identifying English language problems of novice engineering students in this modern age of scientific advancement. Convenience sampling method was used since the principal researcher taught the subject of Functional English to participants. Eighty engineering students were surveyed. Research instruments were document analysis and classroom observation. Data were analyzed through an interpretative approach to drawing study outcomes. Results exhibited engineering students faced English language problems in the English language classroom context. Multiple English language problems surfaced, such as poor vocabulary, spelling errors, grammatical errors, writing problems, comprehension problems, and accepting teacher dictation. Additionally, psychological problems were shyness, low self-confidence, nervousness, fear of peer criticism and stage fright.

This study investigates the impact of Quality Enhancement Cell (QEC) practices on academic performance in private universities in Pakistan. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 250 faculty members across ten Higher Education Commission (HEC)–recognized private universities. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to examine the hypothesized relationships between QEC practices and academic performance. The results reveal that QEC practices—specifically quality assurance mechanisms, curriculum review, faculty evaluation, and feedback management—exert a significant positive influence on key academic performance indicators, including teaching quality, research productivity, and student satisfaction. Among these dimensions, feedback and improvement mechanisms emerged as the strongest predictor of academic performance. The findings underscore the importance of embedding internal quality assurance processes to foster continuous improvement and enhance academic excellence in higher education institutions. The study countries by integrating Total Quality Management (TQM) and Institutional Theory as guiding frameworks. Practical policy implications are proposed to strengthen QEC autonomy, capacity building, and data-driven decision making to enhance institutional effectiveness and sustain quality culture within private universities. Keywords: Quality Enhancement Cell, academic performance, quality assurance, private universities, higher education, Pakistan.

This study examines the impact of digital consumer engagement, human resource innovation and sustainable marketing practices on the performance of the organization and customer loyalty in emerging business markets. In today's fierce business world, companies are becoming more reliant on digital platforms, creative employee practices and marketing centred around sustainability if they want to boost performance and foster customer relations with end users. The study is quantitative in nature, and a structured questionnaire is utilized to gather responses from individuals who are associated with the SMEs, Startup, Entrepreneurial ventures and the service-based companies. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis with the total of 250 respondents. Results indicate that digital engagement with consumers, innovation in HR practices and sustainable marketing approaches have positive and significant impacts on both organizational performance and customer loyalty. Human resource innovation was identified as the best predictor of organizational performance, and digital consumer engagement was the best predictor of customer loyalty. Based on the results, other companies in emerging markets can reap better business results by integrating three elements: digital interaction with customers, innovative HR practices, and responsible marketing. The study presents a framework that integrates digital engagement, HR innovation, sustainable marketing, performance of organizations, and customers' loyalty to contribute to the digital engagement literature, HR innovation literature, sustainable marketing literature, organization performance literature, and customer loyalty literature.

Employee turnover presents a persistent challenge for healthcare organizations because workforce instability can affect operational continuity, staffing capacity, and human resource planning. This study examined the potential of AI-driven workforce analytics for predicting employee turnover and supporting strategic retention decisions. A healthcare workforce dataset comprising 1,676 employees was analyzed using demographic, occupational, compensation, satisfaction, and career-related characteristics. Employee attrition was treated as the prediction outcome, and Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting models were developed using a stratified training-test approach. Model performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. Overall attrition was 11.87%, with employees experiencing turnover characterized by younger age, lower monthly income, shorter organizational tenure, lower job satisfaction, and poorer work-life balance. Overtime showed a marked association with turnover, with attrition rates of 29.2% among employees working overtime and 5.0% among those without overtime. Gradient Boosting achieved the highest accuracy (0.909) and ROC-AUC (0.911), while Logistic Regression achieved the highest recall (0.760). The findings demonstrate that predictive workforce analytics can identify meaningful turnover patterns while supporting risk-informed retention planning. Integrating predictive evidence with workforce characteristics may help healthcare organizations prioritize workload management, employee engagement, compensation, career development, and work-life balance initiatives.

This piece of research reflections addresses an important part of parents’ training and professional development, which unfortunately was overlooked previously. After reviewing opinion papers, program descriptions, theoretical frameworks, empirical studies, literature reviews on parental involvement, the study found a substantial gap in research, programs, and practice. The literature on parents’ involvement and its barriers, the study presents epistemological foundations for the overlooked part of parents’ training. The study recommends Internet Coupled Information and Communication Technologies (ICICTs) based parents’ training with synchronous and asynchronous modes providing quality content for enhancing parents’ knowledge, skills, and competence in educational aspects. These trainings on educational aspects target to create common knowledge constructs that can facilitate parents and teachers to establish complementary communication; leading to effective parental involvement beneficial for children and schools in the effective implementation of the whole-child approach. As parents' knowledge, skills, and competencies in educational aspects grow, it will increase their involvement, assistance, and interaction with their children and the school. Enhanced technology skills can also help parents overcome barriers that hindered their involvement in children education.

This study was conducted to determine the role of metaphysics in education. The purpose of the study, according to George Berkeley, is to learn the role of metaphysics in education, define metaphysics in education, and examine the metaphysics of idealism in education. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample selected through random sampling techniques. The questionnaire uses a Likert scale. SPSS software was used to find the mean, standard deviation and percentage of the product. Most of the respondents found that the teacher has an important role in the learning process, focusing on the teacher's brainstorming to get ideas and meaning through discussion, dialogue, and that the school encourages students to work together, listen, and respect others. In addition, the curriculum must include the philosophical concept of metaphysics as a theory of education. The initial stage. Curriculum should provide possibilities for conducting research and putting idealism's educational and philosophical ideas into new contexts.

This paper discusses the effec t of the growth of regul atory au thority in the Pakistani higher education system, which has res ul ted i n a state of accountability without autonomy. Hereby the faculty i s bei ng increasingly dem anded to c om ply with new rules and regulations and yet the institutions do not ha ve s uffic ient authority to perform their professional func ti ons. It was a The oretic al study that reviewed the previous ly avai lable literature to reach the conclusion. It is concluded that the centralized control and bureaucratic press ures i n Pakistan’s higher education have undermined faculty autonomy and quality-focused research. Sus tai nable improvement requires systems that em power and trust faculty as central agents of academic exc ellence . Reorient the Higher Educ ation Comm is si on toward outcome-based accountabi li ty by setting quali ty benchm arks while granting universi ties autonomy in curriculum, teaching, and research decisions.

Pragmatics is a major study of linguistics that defines the hidden meanings of a writer and speaker towards the conjoining effort of linguistic form. It is stated along with its user. Within pragmatics the importance is usually given to a contextual meaning, where every other meaning of given context is referred to speaker as well as writer that wishes to state something. Therefore, the field of Pragmatics helps to deal with speaker’s intended meaning. It is the scope of pragmatics that shows some of linguistic relating terms. They are often stated as utterances, which are informative contribution through physical or real utterance of the meaning, uses of word, structure and setting of the conversations. The second is a speech act that focuses on what the writer and the speaker wants to say to someone. So in this way, the major purpose of pragmatics is engaged with addressor’s intended words to communicate with the addressee.

The present paper will try to analyze some crucial features that can highlight the differences between English for legal purposes (ELP) and General English (GE). It focuses on use of (ELP) as a medium of instruction within practical field of Law. The study will deal with a fact that lawyers are the most eloquent users of English language. Where, on the other hand, they are its notorious abusers. It is because they employ arcane vocabulary within their discourses. The most controversial features that underlie within this field were to be analyzed from different perspectives: (1) its practicability to legal language’s nature (2) semantic interpretations of legal interpretations and (3) perceptual differences over statues of applied and real cases. A language policy program was conducted for this purpose in SM (Sind Muslim) Law College, (Hyderabad) Sind, Pakistan. Its goal was to analyze the particular needs of the legal learners towards their use of English language. After having the discussions with stakeholders, learners, experienced interlocutors and advocates themselves, the researcher, then analyzed some of the case methods (legal books). It was considered a necessary concern to have particular model that should design a conclusive course of integrating the language learning with legal content. This study falls with three major categories in the end for future scholars. (1) Study of Specific English language within legal field. (2) Study of spoken English language within legal settings and (3) Study of written English language of law. However, the main attempt is to explore the third category, focusing on controversial features within written form of legal English language. This study will also help future ESP course designers to visualize the underlying facts that are important in present era. It will not only improve the learning purposes but to strategies for teaching methods. Therefore, it is important to analyze the controversial facts of ELP course.