The Global Research Network for Verified Scholars

The course of English for legal purposes has greatly received acceptance in Pakistan. The courses of ELP are not concerned to teach particular terms and phrases to translate texts with the teaching technique of the Grammar Translation method (GTM). Pakistan has been active in participating in International Relations. Therefore, it is significant to expect the attached course of ESP that could facilitate learners in preparation for their career in international outlook. Under this principle, the current theme of the paper is envisioned to give the layout of ELP courses that could tailor to the needs of law undergraduate students in Sindh Law College, Hyderabad. This course is proposed to design its foundation on content-based instruction. The issues are perceived through various angles in different ELP settings. The proposed plan for ELP courses is expected beneficial for teachers and students that are involved in the development of ELP courses in various renowned Universities in Pakistan.

This paper is an attempt to analyze the commercials of juice brands on television of Pakistani Media. The commercials that are taken to be analyzed are the two renowned brands of Juice products in Pakistan. The names of these renowned brands are “Nestle Fruita Vitals” and “Pakola Flavored Milk”. The aim of this paper is to analyze the linguistic devices that have been used to promote the specific ideology behind commercializing the two brands of juice products in Pakistan. The specific motto has been highlighted behind each of the commercial advertisements. The article tends to present the catchy phrases and the particular words that have been used in these two advertisements of juice products that inculcate certain ideologies for their listeners to buy their brand. The procedure of analysis was processed with the help of Fairclough’s model of the “Three-Dimension Framework” (1989). The analysis has presented the philosophical frame behind these two commercial brands. The critical analysis of discourse helped to know about the different strategies that have been adopted by the advertisement makers to sell the juice products of two separate commercial brands in Pakistan. They are briefly explained and interpreted in the light of the CDA model. The analysis of data has revealed a fact that the commercial designers of the two juice brands tried to use specific rhetorical devices to attract the mindset of people to buy products. The advertisers try to convince the general public that their juice brand as that they wanted should be introduced in the market. It is better in comparison to all the other juice brands in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study has tried to reveal this fact with a comparison of advertisement content in two different juice brands in Pakistan

The Wash-back has a significant area of English Language Assessment Research (ELAR), which has succeeded in inviting considerable heed of the researchers over the years. Some substantial experimental studies relating to washback in English language testing have been conducted globally. This study aims to review and evaluate the eight most recent experimental or empirical research projects carried out on washback in English linguistic education (ELE), which have been downloaded and collected through internet surfing. Based on the review of eight research articles, this current study has been conducted to determine the theoretical foundations of impacts of tests, examinations, assessments, and evaluation in English language education as well as testing besides demonstrating the research findings. Results showed that the washback of high-risk investigations or tests had positive, negative, and mixed impacts and effects depending on the backgrounds and language of students’ extents. The positive washback affects the instructors, teaching practices, materials, methodologies, contents, and language beginner approaches, while the inverse or negative washback happens after the attention is diverted from the erudition process of English to test conducting approaches. After reviewing eight research projects, the findings stated that washback plays a crucial role in English language testing. In some cases, it is positive; in others, it has shown a negative stance. Therefore, it is difficult to state that all English tests positively impact test takers.

The following study tends to analyze the noncommunicative features in the title texts of two renowned Pakistani drama serials with the help of a multi-modal framework. In applied linguistics, the non-communicative analysis of semiotic signs through images has been introduced by Kress and Leeuwen (1996). The study attempts to analyze the representative symbols of two Pakistani drama serials through multi-modality. It shows the visual communication of title pages through various non-rhetoric techniques. The selected title pages demonstrate the submissive roles of women in Pakistani society depicted through nonverbal communicative techniques by scholars. Both of the renowned Pakistani dramas were picturized in the year 2019. The study is qualitative and interpreted. The title pages of these dramas have been taken from Google images. The actual thematic philosophy behind each Pakistani drama is examined with its title text that shows various modes of vision, the overall frame of the characters, and different modes of actions for characters on the title page, and it is perceived through specific subtle philosophic art. The results from the findings have shown that the title texts on the cover page of the drama serials tend to demonstrate the submissive role of women in Pakistani society through the nonverbal communicative techniques and the subtle perceptive male dominancy shown in each of the drama serials. They try to sketch current women's status in male-dominated Pakistani society. This study can help future researchers to give their contributions differently following this topic through semiotic analysis of Pakistan's film industry.

The study tends to focus and analyze the critical use of metaphors in political speeches of Pakistani famous figures. The aim of study is centralized to comprehend the tactics employed by the Pakistani figures to use metaphors in context of Pakistan. It is based on religious, societal and lingual background differences in Pakistan. The study follows qualitative approach and analyzes the content of speeches delivered by Parliamentary member of Pakistan, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari and Imran Khan, the then, Prime Minister of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The metaphors have been used and analyzed in reference to highlight religious, societal, and lingual background differences in Pakistan. The conceptual framework employs metaphor identifier process (MIP). The study has found as a result that peculiar use of metaphors by the political figures are based on the foreground theories to put a clear Image of their vision and could mold the opinions of public to favor of them. The study showed that political figures use religious, lingual, and societal concepts for foregrounding. The study itself can assist lay man and the researchers to comprehend the techniques employed by the political figures of Pakistan in order to create general opinion of public.

This paper critically analyzes the vision of William Blake to compose his poem ‘The Sick Rose’ in 1794. Fairclough’s CDA (1989) model examined the language used in this poem, which claimed to debate the discourse of numerous literary texts. Theories represent the spectrum of diverse interpretations based on socio-cultural and power domains prevailing in present-day society. Theories helped construct a framework in light of text in the context of the fantasy world. The imagery world in the text is open to various interpretations. Still, this study focused on selecting and assessing a few important elements of the text that tend to reveal the fictional domain of the world in the context of theories based on the three-dimensional analysis method. Analysis of the poem ‘The Sick Rose’ (1794) based on Fairclough’s CDA three-dimensional model (1993) analysis revealed a new concept that prevailed in the writings of poet William Blake. The critical vision shows that poet William Blake used symbols to represent text within the context. The use of symbolism by the poet was an artistic attribute to highlight the implicit heinous crime of sexuality. He mastered crafting disadvantages that can be received with the corrupt attitude of men in society.

As a result of offering Modernism and Postmodernism for various viewpoints on social life, different lifestyles and ways of thoughts have been developed. Modernism, which evolved because of Enlightenment after the end of the seventeenth century, has taken root in many aspects of society. Modernism taken to its next stage is what is known as postmodernism. Every aspect of life has benefited from both thought patterns, which has had an impact on the learning patterns in education. The key components of postmodern education and current culture have been blended and are being incorporated into educational initiatives. This article examines the connection that exists between postmodernist thought and modernism from past times to the current, and their influence on English language teaching (ELT) practices. The present research, which relies on a survey design, used the documentary survey technique. As a result, the idea of incorporating postmodernism into all parts of our life, including education, intends to awaken us. Without even realizing it, it is soaked with the change in society values, and one has even ceased to show concern about it.

The paper attempts to investigate the flaws in English communication between the ATC officers and pilots on air-traffic telephony. The main concern of paper is to present different kinds of dangerous situations that have been faced by the nonnative speakers of English in aviation industry of Pakistan because of their less proficiency in English. It has been perceived that the less proficiency in English of non-native speakers lead to heinous situations in flights. The International Organization of Aviation (ICAO) in collaboration with International Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) has worked on different policies to define communicative flaws between the pilots and the air-traffic controlling staff. According to the ICAO, the non-native English speakers need to develop English skills that are required for the International flights. The study affirms with an argumentation on a need to upgrade English skills in nonnative speakers with proper comprehension of English at flights. The study has been supported with references from the data collected. This study employs two tools to collect the data. 1).Episodes of the communication in telephony are collected from a documentary of communication in aviation from YouTube that demonstrates communication of native and the non-native speakers of English from two different air traffic controlling stations. The communication is exemplified in three situations, a) out of the routine b) Unusual and in c) the Emergencies. The current study focuses on the Emergency situations. 2).The group of individuals in CATI institute of Hyderabad was elicited to give their perceptions on the given episodes shown to them about the difficulty to use English. The findings have recommended that there are problems in communication of English between the native and non-native speakers of English. It was mainly due to the lack of common assumptions between them and lack of proper communicative practices. The implications were presented for the trainings

Renowned Muslim philosopher Al-Farabi (870–950 AD) was well-versed in astrology, physics, and the cognitive organization of logic. He is regarded as the second-greatest philosopher after Aristotle, who promoted philosophy education as a means of enhancing one's life. Farabi's political theories have influenced Western thought as well as the Islamic world significantly. According to him, the state exists to protect the well and happiness of its citizens. Additionally, he thought that the state had an obligation to foster an atmosphere that allowed people to reach their greatest potential. According to Farabi, a virtuous state where people live by reason and knowledge and where justice and peace are prevalent among the populace is the ideal state. He thought that a wise ruler who prioritizes the well-being of his people should be in charge of a rich state. The political theories of Farabi, which are based on Islamic principles, are still highly relevant today. He is the earliest Muslim philosopher to outline his theories on state government in a methodical manner. Farabi argues that the Madinah state is the finest instance of an ideal state since it upholds the values outlined in the Madinah al-Fadilah law in addition to providing for fundamental requirements.

In recent years, English as a language has gained popularity throughout Pakistan. Students prioritized English prioritized their native language, Urdu or Sindhi, to study and communicate effectively. Exploring the impact of The English language hegemony on students' psychology, the study investigates the perceptions of students upon the doctrine of The English colonization as a danger towards Urdu or any of their native languages as language for national designation. The present study is primarily quantitative by nature. The study comprises 100 participants from both graduate and undergraduate courses from three public sector universities of Sindh; University of Sindh Jamshoro, GC University Hyderabad, and the Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU), Nawabshah. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the data from participants. The study also examined how English-speaking imperialism affects students' psychology. The study found that several psychological elements had a considerable impact on the well-being of students. Most of them are seen as a symbol of success throughout their educational and professional initiatives.