The Global Research Network for Verified Scholars

Renowned Muslim philosopher Al-Farabi (870–950 AD) was well-versed in astrology, physics, and the cognitive organization of logic. He is regarded as the second-greatest philosopher after Aristotle, who promoted philosophy education as a means of enhancing one's life. Farabi's political theories have influenced Western thought as well as the Islamic world significantly. According to him, the state exists to protect the well and happiness of its citizens. Additionally, he thought that the state had an obligation to foster an atmosphere that allowed people to reach their greatest potential. According to Farabi, a virtuous state where people live by reason and knowledge and where justice and peace are prevalent among the populace is the ideal state. He thought that a wise ruler who prioritizes the well-being of his people should be in charge of a rich state. The political theories of Farabi, which are based on Islamic principles, are still highly relevant today. He is the earliest Muslim philosopher to outline his theories on state government in a methodical manner. Farabi argues that the Madinah state is the finest instance of an ideal state since it upholds the values outlined in the Madinah al-Fadilah law in addition to providing for fundamental requirements.

In recent years, English as a language has gained popularity throughout Pakistan. Students prioritized English prioritized their native language, Urdu or Sindhi, to study and communicate effectively. Exploring the impact of The English language hegemony on students' psychology, the study investigates the perceptions of students upon the doctrine of The English colonization as a danger towards Urdu or any of their native languages as language for national designation. The present study is primarily quantitative by nature. The study comprises 100 participants from both graduate and undergraduate courses from three public sector universities of Sindh; University of Sindh Jamshoro, GC University Hyderabad, and the Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU), Nawabshah. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the data from participants. The study also examined how English-speaking imperialism affects students' psychology. The study found that several psychological elements had a considerable impact on the well-being of students. Most of them are seen as a symbol of success throughout their educational and professional initiatives.

Business English is an example of English for Specific Purposes and many persons who speak or write in English do so substantially in international trade. Business English is becoming increasingly important as organizations need multilingual employees in today's linked society. The ability to communicate with coworkers in a professional situation, whether through written communication, in-person meetings, or other means, is one of the goals of the business English course. As an outcome, a Business English Language might cover subjects like business English reading, correspondence, resumes, and the business jargon or terms of advertising, marketing and sales. The following paper is qualitative. It intends to analyze business students' perceptions of learning business communication at the undergraduate level in one of the public sector universities of Sindh, Pakistan. For this purpose, the one-to-one interviews were conducted with one of the batches of the business administration department (BBA) at SBBU Sanghar Campus, who is currently taking the business communication course. Five students were taken as participants from one of the batches, who is being taught business communication at present. The crucial components required for the analysis are syllabus and course design, and the choice with development of materials that are shared by all ESP domains of work concerning to concept of Business-English. A teacher must be knowledgeable about the topic area to effectively teach Business English. The ESP blends subject matter expertise with English language teaching abilities. At this point, a teacher's job is to successfully adapt their teaching methods to the needs of students learning business English.

This study investigates the intricate interplay involving pragmatic along with semantics elements in understanding scalar implications. Participants' assessments and suggestions during crucial trials exhibit complicated understanding influenced by its semantic significance and functional fit. Heterogeneous evaluations in crucial trials reveal instances in which logically correct arguments are found to be practically erroneous, indicating potential inconsistencies. Participants emphasised the significance of meeting both semantic correctness and situational criteria while making language modifications. The findings improve our knowledge of scalar-implicatures through emphasising the importance for pragmatic elements alongside semantic features.

The idea of colonial discourse was founded on the oppositive scenario of we against other where the other was put as the fixed and generalized picture of the other being the colonized. The methodology of postcolonialism was a manifestation of a fresh appearance that set out to demonstrate how culture was politically significant in the construction and representation of the aforementioned imperialist ideology and acted against the sustainability of the same. Through this, culture literature has not only been considered as aesthetic art, but also one of the most effective means of expressing socio-political ideology. Nevertheless, multiculturalism proposes more liberal strategy, without mutual reproach, and is supported by the awareness of cultural diversity. Only in this way, violence because of the indignation of the differences in culture can be stopped due to the political ambitions. Pakistani English Literature presents an example of a multicultural environment that not only hints at the potential of coexisting and living together despite our diversity but also acquiring hybrid identity, which provides us with a distinct opportunity to live beyond boundaries and shaping our personality that can reflect multiplicity in our cultural background.